Data Sets from Surveys and Statistical Reports can give a great snapshot oF how many in a specific population (or group of populations) may think, act, or affiliate at a certain point of time in a certain place or places.
World Development Indicators (WDI) contains statistics from over 200 countries including social, economic and financial indicators.
International Debt Statistics (Formerly Global Development Finance Online) focuses on financial flows, trends in external debt, and other major financial indicators for developing and advanced economies. Data is from Quarterly External Debt Statistics and Quarterly Public Sector Debt databases.
The World Religion Database contains detailed statistics on religious affiliation for every country of the world. It provides source material, including censuses and surveys, as well as best estimates for every religion for the period 1900 to 2050.