Business Tutorial: Ratios

Profitability

Gross Margin
Net Profit Margin
Operating Margin
Pretax Margin

Valuation (P=Price, E=Earnings)

P/E (excluding extraordinary items)
P/E (normalized)
P/Sales
P/Tangible book
P/ Cash flow

Per Share Data 

• EPS (excluding extraordinary items) 
  EPS (normalized)
  Revenue per share
  Cash per share
  Cash flow per share

Financial Strength or Solvency

• Current Ratio
  Quick Ratio
  Long-Term(LT) Debt/Equity
  Total Debt/Equity
  Payout Ratio

Management Effectiveness

• Return on Assets
  Return on Equity
  Return on Investments

Growth

• Earnings per share (EPS)
  Dividend Growth